{"id":90675,"date":"2025-06-23T23:03:41","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T21:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/?p=90675"},"modified":"2025-06-06T16:09:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T14:09:27","slug":"almendro-intensivo-y-su-tolerancia-a-la-salinidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/almendro-intensivo-y-su-tolerancia-a-la-salinidad\/","title":{"rendered":"Intensive almond tree and its tolerance to salinity"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intensive almond cultivation is negatively affected by salinity, among other reasons because it requires more irrigation water, as there are more trees per square meter. These effects are not the same for all varieties. We analyze this in the following article and seek solutions using probes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General impact of salinity on almond trees<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The effects can be of several types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Direct ionic toxicity<\/strong>: The absorption of high concentrations of sodium (<strong>Na\u207a<\/strong>), and chlorine (<strong>Cl\u207b<\/strong>) damages plant cells, especially in young leaves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Osmotic stress<\/strong>: The accumulation of salinity in the root system makes it difficult for the plant to absorb water, as if it were in a drought.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Nutritional imbalance<\/strong>: An imbalance occurs that interferes with the absorption of essential nutrients such as <strong>potassium<\/strong>, <strong>calcium<\/strong> and <strong>magnesium<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plantae conductivity probes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Essential for salinity control in intensive almond plantations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The probes allow measuring the <strong>soil conductivity<\/strong> at different depths (15, 30, 60, 90 cm), in real time, and help to see where the salts are accumulating.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>They allow irrigation to be optimized<\/strong>, adjusting <strong>volumes and frequency<\/strong>, applying <strong>scheduled washes<\/strong> when excessive salinity is detected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Controlan que la zona radicular est\u00e9 activa<\/strong>  y no supere los umbrales cr\u00edticos (entre 2.5 y 3 dS\/m seg\u00fan variedad y portainjerto). (dS\/m, &#8220;deciSiemens por metro&#8221; es una unidad de medida de la conductividad el\u00e9ctrica).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Nitrogen and potassium (N, K) fertilizers often also provide salts; probes help adjust dosages and prevent buildup.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>With continuous conductivity data<\/strong>, you can decide whether a variety or rootstock responds well to the saline environment or whether irrigation management needs to be changed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"637\" src=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sales-i.png\" alt=\"Almendros intensivos y salinidad\" class=\"wp-image-90676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sales-i.png 1024w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sales-i-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sales-i-768x478.png 768w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sales-i-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/sales-i-600x373.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Salinity tolerance according to the almond variety<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Variety<\/th><th>Salinity tolerance<\/th><th>Comments<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Guara<\/strong><\/td><td>Low<\/td><td>Very productive but sensitive to sodium chloride. Avoid in saline soils. Generally shows effective tolerance mechanisms.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lauranne<\/strong><\/td><td>Low<\/td><td>Good adaptation to intensive farming, but not very tolerant to saline soils.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ferragn\u00e8s<\/strong><\/td><td>Low to medium. Not recommended for intensive plantations.<\/td><td>It produces well, large almonds, hard shell, highly valued commercially but can show symptoms of toxicity in leaves with salts.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Marcona<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium. Not recommended for intensive plantations.<\/td><td>Tradicional, algo m\u00e1s r\u00fastica y con mayor tolerancia relativa. <strong>Excelente<\/strong> The <strong>almendra de referencia gourmet<\/strong> en Espa\u00f1a.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Soleta<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium-high<\/td><td>An almond variety with the best tolerance among modern varieties; suitable for irrigation with harder water.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Penta<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium-high<\/td><td>Almond variety that adapts moderately well to salinity if a good rootstock is used.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vairo<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>Almond variety that adapts well to intensive cultivation; somewhat better at handling salinity than Lauranne.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Avijor<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium-low<\/td><td>Almond variety sensitive to salinity in intensive plantations.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vialfas<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium-low<\/td><td>Almond variety sensitive to salinity in intensive plantations.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Prunus dulcis<\/strong><\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>Significant variability in tolerance as almond rootstocks.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study on the \u201cEvaluation of the salinity tolerance of four self-rooted almond genotypes in intensive plantations\u201d (Source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.interempresas.net\/Grandes-cultivos\/Articulos\/593497-Evaluacion-tolerancia-salinidad-cuatro-genotipos-almendro-autoenraizados-plantaciones.html\">Interempresas.net<\/a>)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study evaluated the salinity tolerance of four self-rooted almond genotypes under intensive planting conditions. It focused on analyzing how salinity affects the growth and development of these genotypes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Significant differences<\/strong> were observed in salinity tolerance between the genotypes evaluated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Salinity negatively affected<\/strong> the growth and development of almond trees, with variations depending on the genotype.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>The importance of choosing genotypes<\/strong> with greater tolerance to salinity is crucial for the success of intensive plantations in saline soils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>It is essential to implement appropriate management practices<\/strong> to mitigate the negative effects of salinity on almond trees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The study provides valuable information for farmers and technicians working with almond trees under saline conditions, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate genotypes and implementing effective management practices.<\/strong> (+ INFO in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.interempresas.net\/Grandes-cultivos\/Articulos\/593497-Evaluacion-tolerancia-salinidad-cuatro-genotipos-almendro-autoenraizados-plantaciones.html\">Interempresas.net<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"90677\" src=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Hub en almendros intensivos\" class=\"wp-image-90677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/hub-en-almendro-intensivo-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hub in intensive almond orchards<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"90679\" src=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sensores-en-almendro.jpg\" alt=\"Sondas de humedad y conductividad en almendro intensivo\" class=\"wp-image-90679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sensores-en-almendro.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sensores-en-almendro-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sensores-en-almendro-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sensores-en-almendro-600x800.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Humidity and conductivity probes in intensive almond cultivation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/\">Plantae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.interempresas.net\/\">Interempresas<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-plantae wp-block-embed-plantae\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Nm9IsuMu6c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/salinidad-en-plantaciones-intensivas-y-superintensivas\/\">Salinity in intensive and superintensive plantations-Control with probes<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00abSalinidad en plantaciones intensivas y superintensivas-Control con sondas\u00bb \u2014 Plantae\u00ae\" src=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/salinidad-en-plantaciones-intensivas-y-superintensivas\/embed\/#?secret=Or9qmUoBEU#?secret=Nm9IsuMu6c\" data-secret=\"Nm9IsuMu6c\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-plantae wp-block-embed-plantae\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"nhwxndd6Ux\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/el-almendro-superintensivo-en-espana-con-sensores\/\">Super-intensive almond tree (in hedge) -Optimizes irrigation with probes<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00abAlmendro superintensivo (en seto)-Optimiza el riego con sondas\u00bb \u2014 Plantae\u00ae\" src=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/el-almendro-superintensivo-en-espana-con-sensores\/embed\/#?secret=OryAx8sm1T#?secret=nhwxndd6Ux\" data-secret=\"nhwxndd6Ux\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-plantae wp-block-embed-plantae\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"3VMD0NfSVF\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/terreno-idoneo-para-cultivo-de-pistacho-y-almendro\/\">The best land for growing pistachio and almond trees<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00abEl mejor terreno para cultivo de pistacho y almendro\u00bb \u2014 Plantae\u00ae\" src=\"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/terreno-idoneo-para-cultivo-de-pistacho-y-almendro\/embed\/#?secret=GpEfkIiLDX#?secret=3VMD0NfSVF\" data-secret=\"3VMD0NfSVF\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Intensive almond cultivation is negatively affected by salinity. We analyze this in the following article and look for solutions using probes.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":90681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[15,306,125,14],"class_list":["post-90675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultivos-riegos","tag-agricultura-de-precision","tag-agricultura-intensiva","tag-almendros","tag-sondas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Almendro intensivo y su tolerancia a la salinidad - Plantae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El almendro intensivo se ve afectado negativamente por la salinidad. 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