{"id":83770,"date":"2022-04-04T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/?p=83770"},"modified":"2024-04-18T16:21:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T14:21:00","slug":"purin-estiercol-fertilizantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/purin-estiercol-fertilizantes\/","title":{"rendered":"Slurry and manure, the best due to the lack of nitrogenous fertilizers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Agricultural production with the use of organic manure and manure fertilizers is the best solution, given the current shortage of nitrogenous fertilizers caused by the conflicts in Russia and Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is purin?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The slurry<\/strong> of animals<\/strong> is the excrement of pigs, cows, sheep, horses and birds stored in closed enclosures and in liquid form, that is, dissolved with the urine and water that normally comes from the cleaning of livestock farms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vegetable manure<\/strong> is the result of the fermentation of certain plants and can have fungicidal or soil-activating effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Purines are therefore natural organic fertilizers that serve as nutrients for plants without the need to use chemical products. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La “Directiva del Consejo 91\/676\/CEE del 12 de diciembre de 1991\u00a0relativa a la protecci\u00f3n de las aguas contra la contaminaci\u00f3n causada por nitratos de origen agr\u00edcola<\/strong>“<\/a> es la normativa que rige el uso de pur\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The minerals that make up slurry are fundamentally nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manure discharges are prohibited by the Spanish Water Law. Therefore, the use of slurry should be as a nutrient for agricultural areas and for gardening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, the distribution must not exceed 15 km from the farm, except with 20m3<\/sup> tanks. The definitive regulations depend on the Autonomous Communities and the City Councils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is manure?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It is the mixture of excrement with straw or broom that is normally used by the farmer for animal bedding. The plants ferment with the solid and liquid depositions and form a compact organic fertilizer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is the perfect component to nourish the soil and is especially advantageous for crops of beet, rapeseed, barley, vegetables, trees, etc... It is spread in the furrows and covered before planting or at the same time as the crop is sown. It should not be outdoors much to avoid the evaporation of ammonia and odorous gases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tillage of the land causes the manure to mix with other plant remains, so that we obtain a fertilized soil in an ecological and renewable way. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Esti\u00e9rcol\"
Manure with a mixture of excrement and straw<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Pala
Barn cleaning shovel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What are fertilizers?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Fertilizer<\/strong>: is any substance that contains one or more nitrogenous compounds and is applied on the ground to increase the growth of vegetation, including manure, waste from fish farms and sewage sludge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemical fertilizer<\/strong>: produced by an industrial process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eutrophication<\/strong>: the increase in the concentration of nitrogen compounds, which causes an accelerated growth of algae and higher plant species, and causes negative disturbances in the balance of the organisms present in the water and in its own quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pollution<\/strong>: the introduction of nitrogenous compounds of agricultural origin into the aquatic environment, directly or indirectly, which has consequences that may endanger human health, harm living resources and the aquatic ecosystem, cause damage to places of recreation or cause inconvenience for other legitimate uses of the waters.<\/p>\nBOE-91\/676\/CEE<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Ciclo
Nutrient cycle with slurry and manure<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Slurry storage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When the farmer has a considerable number of animals, farm or macro-farm, he must have a tank to store the manure, with a channel that collects all the excrement, liquid and solid. These mixed with the water to clean the stables or without water and accumulate in the deposit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We must avoid carrying soaps. For this reason, the milking parlor, in the case of a dairy animal farm, is usually isolated and with cleaning waste channeled apart from slurry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To avoid the volatility of ammonia, the pits must be covered, which is mandatory in new installations and protected with enclosures, sometimes buried for the convenience of the installation and thus avoid the emission of gases. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Dep\u00f3sito
Slurry tanks-One open and one covered <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Dep\u00f3sito
Buried tank with grid adapted for extraction<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Reparto
Slurry distribution with tanker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Why does the purine contaminate?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Within the slurry we find ammonia<\/strong> (NH4<\/sub>) in equilibrium between an ionic form soluble in water and ammonia in gaseous state (NH3<\/sub>). As the formula indicates, it is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen and the gaseous form volatilizes with the contact of the slurry surface and the intermittent air, resulting in contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ammonia nitrogen comes from the urea contained in the urine of cattle and from the intake of forage. Pig slurry releases the most ammonia (75%), followed by beef (40%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To avoid contamination in stables it is very important that they remain clean. Currently, automatic cleaning systems can be installed that transfer the excrement to the tanks. These cleaners are installed between the beds (in this case sand) and the feeders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The distribution of the slurry is done with tanks that can launch the mixture onto the ground with a plate, fan or cannon, also with direct injectors into the furrows. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is important to control and regulate all waste for reuse while avoiding pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n