{"id":78898,"date":"2021-05-27T20:29:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T18:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/?p=78898"},"modified":"2025-04-09T14:36:56","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T12:36:56","slug":"el-riego-por-goteo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ant.plantae.lavallweb.com\/en\/el-riego-por-goteo\/","title":{"rendered":"Drip Irrigation-The best controlled with probes, surface or buried- (VI)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Within the mechanized <\/strong> or pressurized irrigation methods, drip irrigation <\/strong> superficial irrigation stands out, <\/strong> especially for intensive crops <\/strong> <\/a> and superintensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mechanized irrigation is the one that needs a mechanism that generates pressure to move the water, unless the tank is at a higher height than the drippers and these are small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is irrigation superficial drip?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Drip irrigation is so called because the water runs through a pipe and through a small hole distributes the water to the plant in the form of drops. Fertilizers incorporated into the irrigation water can also be administered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the drip you can control its quantity and the time of irrigation as necessary. The distribution is made with a network of PVC or Polyethylene conduction pipes. From each one we can take lateral irrigation hoses with drippers. These drippers form a small accumulation of humid soil next to the plant that we must control in depth, to see if it covers the entire root system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, the number of drippers will depend on the type of terrain and the type of crop, also on the size of the root system of the plant, even on the growth of these roots as the plant grows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This bag-shaped accumulation of water is known as a wet bulb <\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Esquema
Surface drip irrigation scheme. 1-Water tank. 2-Pump. 3-Main hose. 4-Free ground. 5-Moist bulbs around the dropper. 6-Accumulation of salts. 7-Side hose with drippers. 8-Secondary hose. 9-Sensors \/ probes for humidity, temperature and conductivity.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Types of wet bulbs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The types of wet bulbs depend on the terrain and the number of drippers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In young trees <\/strong> that have a small root system, a dropper can reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the tree is large and has the largest root system, then it is convenient to put two more separate droppers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can see it in the following diagrams. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

You can also put a round hose around the tree with several drippers. As the tree grows, its root system increases and the drippers must be displaced from the trunk of the tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Planta
Wet bulbs with a dropper. 1-Bulb. 2- Roots. 3-Surface drip irrigation with a dropper. 4-Humidity probe.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Goteo
Shallow drip with two droppers. 1-Wet bulbs. 2-Root system. 3-Drip irrigation. 4-Humidity probe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Surface drip irrigation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Depending on the type of terrain we can also have different wet bulbs. In the sandy ones they are more elongated and the water disperses to the subsoil easily. As they become more silty, they become flattened bulbs and there is a greater risk of waterlogging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing the composition of the soil is one of the key points for drip irrigation, because it influences the wet bulb and the root development of the plant. If the roots do not have moisture nearby, they will try to find it and they will lengthen according to the type of terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tipos
1-Terreno franco. 2-Terreno arenoso. 3-Terreno arcilloso. 4-Sensores (sondas) de humedad, temperatura y conductividad a distintas profundidades. 5-Bulbo h\u00famedo. Pocas sales por lavado. 6-Acumulaci\u00f3n leve de sales. 7-Alta acumulaci\u00f3n de sales.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Salinity in surface drip irrigation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

One of the problems with surface drip irrigation is the accumulation of salts around the wet bulb. As the plant needs more water, either due to the type of plant or the climate of the area or the type of cultivation, intensive or super-intensive, the problem of the accumulation of salts can occur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have already dedicated an article to salinity <\/strong> <\/a> and the dependency of this problem of the type of irrigation water <\/strong>. <\/a> This and because it is a problem that is not visible, we are forced to resort to measuring humidity and salinity with agricultural humidity and conductivity probes or sensors <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advantages of surface drip irrigation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Surface drip irrigation has important advantages to consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Riego
Drip irrigation controlled by humidity and temperature sensors \/ probes in almond trees<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n